Amazon Redshift Pricing

Amazon Web Services China (Ningxia) Region Free Tier includes 750 DC2.Large node hours per month for 2 months. 

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Amazon Redshift On-Demand pricing has no upfront costs - you simply pay an hourly rate based on the type and number of nodes in your cluster. You can save up to 75% over On-Demand rates by committing to use Amazon Redshift for a 1 or 3 year term. Reserved Instance pricing is specific to the node type purchased, and remains in effect until the reservation term ends. Choose what is right for your business needs, with the ability to grow storage without over-provisioning compute, and the flexibility to grow compute capacity without increasing storage costs.

What to expect

First, choose the best cluster configuration for your needs by learning more about the node types in the following section. You can quickly scale your cluster, pause and resume the cluster, and switch between node types with a single API call or a few clicks in the Amazon Redshift console. You’ll see on-demand pricing before making your selection, and later you may choose to purchase reserved nodes for significant discounts.

Once you make your selection, you may wish to use elastic resize to easily adjust the amount of provisioned compute capacity within minutes for steady-state processing. With resize scheduler, you can add and remove nodes on a daily or weekly basis to optimize cost and get the best performance.

Amazon Redshift node types

Amazon Redshift offers different node types to accommodate your workloads, and we recommend choosing RA3 or DC2 depending on the required performance, data size and its growth.

RA3 nodes with managed storage allow you to optimize your data warehouse by scaling and paying for compute and managed storage independently. With RA3, you choose the number of nodes based on your performance requirements and only pay for the managed storage that you use. You should size your RA3 cluster based on the amount of data you process daily.

Redshift managed storage uses large, high-performance SSDs in each RA3 node for fast local storage and Amazon S3 for longer-term durable storage. If the data in a node grows beyond the size of the large local SSDs, Redshift managed storage automatically offloads that data to Amazon S3. You pay the same low rate for Redshift managed storage regardless of whether the data sits in high-performance SSDs or S3. For workloads that require ever-growing storage, managed storage lets you automatically scale your data warehouse storage capacity without adding and paying for additional nodes.

DC2 nodes allow you to have compute-intensive data warehouses with local SSD storage included. You choose the number of nodes you need based on data size and performance requirements. DC2 nodes store your data locally for high performance, and as the data size grows, you can add more compute nodes to increase the storage capacity of the cluster. For datasets under 1TB uncompressed, we recommend DC2 node types for the best performance at the lowest price. If you expect your data to grow, we recommend using RA3 nodes so you can size compute and storage independently to achieve the best price and performance.

DS2 nodes enable you to create large data warehouses using hard disk drives (HDDs), and we recommend using RA3 nodes instead. Customers using eight or more nodes of DS2.xlarge, or any number of DS2.8xlarge nodes, can now upgrade to RA3 and get 2x more storage and better performance for the same on-demand cost.

On-Demand Pricing

Pay for capacity by the hour with no commitments or upfront fees. This frees you from planning and purchasing data warehouse capacity ahead of your needs, enabling you to spin up and tear down environments for development or test purposes. 

China (Ningxia) Region

  vCPU Memory (GiB) Storage I/O Price
Dense Compute          
dc2.large 2 15 0.16TB NVMe SSD 0.60GB/s ¥ 1.900
dc2.8xlarge 32 244 2.56TB NVMe SSD 7.50GB/s ¥ 30.400
Dense Storage          
ds2.xlarge 4 31 2TB HDD 0.40GB/s ¥ 5.530
ds2.8xlarge 36 244 16TB HDD 3.30GB/s ¥ 44.200
RA3 with Redshift Managed Storage          
ra3.xlplus 4 32 32TB RMS 0.65 GB/s ¥ 6.950 
ra3.4xlarge 12 96 128TB RMS 2.00 GB/s ¥ 20.864
ra3.16xlarge 48 384 128TB RMS 8.00 GB/s ¥ 83.456

Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.  

China (Beijing) Region

  vCPU Memory (GiB) Storage I/O Price
Dense Compute          
dc2.large 2 15 0.16TB SSD 0.60GB/s ¥ 2.145
dc2.8xlarge 32 244 2.56TB SSD 7.50GB/s ¥ 41.60
Dense Storage          
ds2.xlarge 4 31 2TB HDD 0.40GB/s ¥ 8.125
ds2.8xlarge 36 244 16TB HDD 3.30GB/s ¥ 65.00
RA3 with Redshift Managed Storage          
ra3.xlplus 4 32 32TB
0.65 GB/s 		 ¥ 6.950 
ra3.4xlarge 12 96 128TB RMS 128TB RMS ¥ 20.864
ra3.16xlarge 48 384 128TB RMS 128TB RMS ¥ 83.456

Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.  

Redshift managed storage pricing

You pay for data stored in managed storage at a fixed GB-month rate for your region. Managed storage comes exclusively with RA3 node types and you pay the same low rate for Redshift managed storage regardless of data size. Usage of managed storage is calculated hourly based on the total data present in the managed storage (see example below converting usage in GB-Hours to charges in GB-Month). You can monitor the amount of data in your RA3 cluster via Amazon CloudWatch or the Amazon Web Services Management Console. You do not pay for any data transfer charges between RA3 nodes and managed storage. Managed storage charges do not include back up storage charges due to automated and manual snapshots (see Backup Storage). Once the cluster is terminated, you continue to be charged for the retention of your manual backups.Region:

China(Beijing & Ningxia)

Storage Pricing
Storage/month ¥0.154 per GB

Pricing example for managed storage pricing

Assume you store 100GB of data in managed storage, with RA3 node types, for 15 days in April, and 100TB of data for the final 15 days in April.

Let’s first calculate the usage in GB-Hours for the above scenario. For the first 15 days, you will have the following usage in GB-Hours: 100GB x 15 days x ( 24 hours/day) = 36,000 GB-Hours.

For the last 15 days, you will have the following usage in GB-Hours: 100TB X 1024 GB/TB X 15 days X ( 24 hours / day) = 36,864,000 GB-Hours.

At the end of April, all usage in GB-Hours adds to: 36,000 GB-Hours + 36,864,000 GB-Hours = 36,900,000 GB-Hours.

Let's convert this to GB-Months: 36,900,000 GB-Hours / 720 hours per month in April = 51,250 GB-Month.

If this data was stored in the China (Beijing) Region, managed storage will be charged at CNY 0.154/GB-Month. Monthly storage charges for 51,250 GB-Month will be: 51,250 GB-Month x CNY 0.154 per GB-month = CNY 7892.5.

Total Managed Storage Fee for April = CNY 7892.5.
 

Reserved-Instance Pricing

Reserved Instances (a.k.a. Reserved Nodes) are appropriate for steady-state production workloads, and offer significant discounts over On-Demand pricing. Reserved Instance pricing is specific to the node type purchased, and remains in effect until the reservation term ends. Customers typically purchase Reserved Instances after running experiments and POCs to validate production configurations. To purchase these offerings visit the Reserved Nodes tab in our Console.

No Upfront –  You pay nothing upfront, and commit to pay hourly over the course of one year at a 20% discount over On-Demand.

Partial Upfront – You pay a portion of the Reserved Instance upfront, and the remainder over a one or three year term. The discount over On-Demand is up to 41% for a one year term and up to 73% for a three year term.

All Upfront – You pay for the entire Reserved Instance term (one or three years) with one upfront payment. This is your cheapest option, with a discount of up to 42% for a one year term and up to 75% for a three year term compared to On-Demand.

Reserved Instances are a billing concept and are not used to create data warehouse clusters. When you make a purchase you will be charged the associated upfront and hourly fees even if you are not currently running a cluster.

* The Monthly rate below the actual hourly rate multiplied by the average number of hours per month.
** The Effective Hourly rate below is the amortized hourly cost of the instance over the entire term, including any upfront payment.

China (Ningxia) Region

  • dc2.large

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 1,246 ¥ 1.708 10% ¥ 1.898
    Partial Upfront ¥ 4,737 ¥ 720 ¥ 1.53 20%
    All Upfront ¥ 12,900 ¥ 0 ¥ 1.48 22%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 8,294 ¥ 314.03 ¥ 0.75 61% ¥ 1.898
    All Upfront ¥ 18,333 ¥ 0 ¥ 0.70 63%
  • dc2.8xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 20,006 ¥ 27.33 10% ¥ 30.368
    Partial Upfront ¥ 75,790 ¥ 11,514 ¥ 24.40 20%
    All Upfront ¥ 20,7333 ¥ 0 ¥ 23.65 22%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 132,704 ¥ 5,024 ¥ 11.91 61% ¥ 30.368
    All Upfront ¥ 292,733 ¥ 0 ¥ 11.14 63%
  • ds2.xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 3,437 ¥ 4.70 15% ¥ 5.525
    Partial Upfront ¥ 19,338 ¥ 1,416 ¥ 4.14 25%
    All Upfront ¥ 35,200 ¥ 0 ¥ 4.02 27%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 26,000 ¥ 866 ¥ 2.18 61% ¥ 5.525
    All Upfront ¥ 53,530 ¥ 0 ¥ 2.04 63%
  • ds2.8xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 27,501 ¥ 37.57 15% ¥ 44.200
    Partial Upfront ¥ 154,700 ¥ 11,324 ¥ 33.13 25%
    All Upfront ¥ 281,467 ¥ 0 ¥ 32.14 27%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 208,000 ¥ 6,956 ¥ 17.42 61% ¥ 44.200
    All Upfront ¥ 427,800 ¥ 0 ¥ 16.29 63%

    Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.  

  • ra3.xlplus

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 3,551 ¥ 4.864 30% ¥ 6.950
    Partial Upfront ¥ 20,407 ¥ 1,701 ¥ 4.659 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 40,198 ¥ 0 ¥ 4.589 34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 2,210 ¥ 3.027 56% ¥ 6.950
    Partial Upfront ¥ 36,078 ¥ 1,002 ¥ 2.746 60%
    All Upfront ¥ 68,454 ¥ 0 ¥ 2.605 63%
  • ra3.4xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 10,652 ¥ 14.592 30% ¥ 20.864
    Partial Upfront ¥ 61,110 ¥5,092 ¥ 13.952 33%
    All Upfront  ¥120,538 ¥ 0 ¥ 13.760 34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 6,634 ¥ 9.088 56% ¥ 20.864
    Partial Upfront¥ 108,484 ¥ 108,484 ¥ 3,013 ¥ 8.256 60%
    All Upfront ¥ 205,194 ¥ 0 ¥ 7.808 63%
  • ra3.16xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 42,655 ¥ 58.432 30% ¥ 83.456
    Partial Upfront ¥ 244,999 ¥ 20,417 ¥ 55.936 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 482,711 ¥ 0 ¥ 55.104 34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 26,490 ¥ 36.288 56% ¥ 83.456
    Partial Upfront ¥ 433,094 ¥ 12,030 ¥ 32.960 60%
    All Upfront ¥ 822,459 ¥ 0 ¥ 31.296 63%

China (Beijing) Region

  • dc2.large

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 1,234 ¥ 1.690 21% ¥ 2.145
    Partial Upfront ¥ 5,200 ¥ 569 ¥ 1.374 36%
    All Upfront ¥ 11,800 ¥ 0 ¥ 1.347 37%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 9,425 ¥ 356 ¥ 0.847 61% ¥ 2.145
    All Upfront ¥ 20,800 ¥ 0 ¥ 0.791 63%
  • dc2.8xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 24,294 ¥ 33.280 20% ¥ 41.60
    Partial Upfront ¥ 86,125 ¥ 13,049 ¥ 27.707 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 237,835 ¥ 0 ¥ 27.150 35%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 150,800 ¥ 5,694 ¥ 13.538 67% ¥ 41.60
    All Upfront ¥ 332,605 ¥ 0 ¥ 12.656 70%
  • ds2.xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 4,745 ¥ 6.500 20% ¥ 8.125
    Partial Upfront ¥ 22,750 ¥ 1,661 ¥ 4.872 40%
    All Upfront ¥ 41,830 ¥ 0 ¥ 4.775 41%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 26,000 ¥ 869 ¥ 2.179 73% ¥ 8.125
    All Upfront ¥ 53,530 ¥ 0 ¥ 2.037 75%
  • ds2.8xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 37,960 ¥ 52.000 20% ¥ 65.00
    Partial Upfront ¥ 182,000 ¥ 13,286 ¥ 38.976 40%
    All Upfront ¥ 334,555 ¥ 0 ¥ 38.191 41%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    Partial Upfront ¥ 208,000 ¥ 6,937 ¥ 17.418 73% ¥ 65.00
    All Upfront ¥ 427,960 ¥ 0 ¥ 16.285 75%

    Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.  

  • ra3.xlplus

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 3,551 ¥ 4.864 30% ¥ 6.950
    Partial Upfront ¥ 20,407 ¥ 1,701 ¥ 4.659 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 40,198 ¥ 0 ¥ 4.589 34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 2,210 ¥ 3.027 56% ¥ 6.950
    Partial Upfront ¥ 36,078 ¥ 1,002 ¥ 2.746 60%
    All Upfront ¥ 68,454 ¥ 0 ¥ 2.605 63%
  • ra3.4xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 10,652 ¥ 14.592 30%

    ¥ 20.864

     
    Partial Upfront ¥ 61,259 ¥5,092 ¥ 13.952 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 120,538 ¥ 0 ¥ 13.760 34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 6,634 ¥ 9.088 56% ¥ 20.864
    Partial Upfront ¥ 108,484 ¥ 3,013 ¥ 8.256 60%
    All Upfront ¥ 205,194 ¥ 0 ¥ 7.808 63%
  • ra3.16xlarge

    1 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 42,655 ¥ 58.432 30%

    ¥ 83.456

     
    Partial Upfront ¥ 244,999 ¥ 20,417 ¥ 55.936 33%
    All Upfront ¥ 482,711 ¥ 0 ¥ 55.104  34%

    3 Year Term

    Payment Option Upfront Monthly* Effective Hourly** Savings over On-Demand On-Demand Hourly
    No Upfront ¥ 0 ¥ 26,490 ¥ 36.288 57%

    ¥ 83.456

     
    Partial Upfront ¥ 433,094 ¥ 12,030 ¥ 32.960 61%
    All Upfront ¥ 822,459 ¥ 0 ¥ 31.296 63%

Calculating Your Effective Price per TB per Year

For DS2 and DC2 instances On-Demand, the effective price per TB per year is the hourly price for the instance, times the number of hours in a year, divided by the number of TB per instance. For DS2 and DC2 Reserved Instances, you add the upfront payment to the hourly rate times the number of hours in the term, and divide by the number of years in the term and number of TB per node. For RA3 the price per TB is based upon how much RMS is used, since the storage resources are separated from compute and can grow and shrink independent of how many nodes are in a cluster.

  • China (Ningxia) Region
      On-Demand 1yr RI 3yr RI
    dc2.large - No Upfront ¥103,900 ¥93,533 N/A
    dc2.large - Partial Upfront ¥103,900 ¥83,400 ¥40,800
    dc2.large - All Upfront ¥103,900 ¥80,933 ¥38,133
    dc2.8xlarge - No Upfront ¥103,900 ¥93,533 N/A
    dc2.8xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥103,900 ¥83,400 ¥40,800
    dc2.8xlarge - All Upfront ¥103,900 ¥80,933 ¥38,133
    ds2.xlarge - No Upfront ¥24,200 ¥20,566 N/A
    ds2.xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥24,200 ¥18,133 ¥9,533
    ds2.xlarge - All Upfront ¥24,200 ¥17,600 ¥8,933
    ds2.8xlarge - No Upfront ¥24,200 ¥20,566 N/A
    ds2.8xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥24,200 ¥18,133 ¥9,533
    ds2.8xlarge - All Upfront ¥24,200 ¥17,600 ¥8,933

    Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.

  • China (Beijing) Region
      On-Demand 1yr RI 3yr RI
    dc2.large - No Upfront ¥117,440 ¥92,530 N/A
    dc2.large - Partial Upfront ¥117,440 ¥75,205 ¥46,355
    dc2.large - All Upfront ¥117,440 ¥73,750 ¥43,335
    dc2.8xlarge - No Upfront ¥142,350 ¥113,880 N/A
    dc2.8xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥142,350 ¥94,810 ¥46,325
    dc2.8xlarge - All Upfront ¥142,350 ¥92,905 ¥43,310
    ds2.xlarge - No Upfront ¥35,590 ¥28,470 N/A
    ds2.xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥35,590 ¥21,340 ¥9,550
    ds2.xlarge - All Upfront ¥35,590 ¥20,915 ¥8,920
    ds2.8xlarge - No Upfront ¥35,590 ¥28,470 N/A
    ds2.8xlarge - Partial Upfront ¥35,590 ¥21,340 ¥9,540
    ds2.8xlarge - All Upfront ¥35,590 ¥20,910 ¥8,920

    Except as otherwise noted, our prices are exclusive of China VAT.

Redshift Spectrum Pricing

Amazon Redshift Spectrum allows you to directly run SQL queries against exabytes of data in Amazon S3. You are charged for the number of bytes scanned by Redshift Spectrum, rounded up to the next megabyte, with a 10MB minimum per query. There are no charges for Data Definition Language (DDL) statements like CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE, statements for managing partitions, and failed queries.

You can improve query performance and reduce costs by storing data in a compressed, partitioned, columnar data format. If you compress data using one of Redshift Spectrum’s supported formats, your costs will go down as there is less data scanned. Similarly, if you store data in a columnar format, such as Parquet or ORC, your charges will also go down as Redshift Spectrum scans only the columns needed by the query.

You are billed at the rate of CNY 35.74237 per terabyte of data scanned.
For example, if you scan 10 gigabytes of data, you will be charged CNY 0.35742. If you scan 1 terabyte of data, you will be charged CNY 35.74237.

Additional Costs

You are charged Amazon Redshift instance rates for the cluster used and standard Amazon S3 rates for storage and requests.

If you use the Amazon Glue Data Catalog with Amazon Redshift Spectrum, you are charged standard Amazon Glue Data Catalog rates. For details, refer to Amazon Glue pricing.

When using Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query Amazon Key Management Service (KMS) encrypted data in Amazon S3, you are charged standard Amazon KMS rates. For details, refer to Amazon KMS pricing.

Redshift Spectrum Pricing Examples

Consider a table with 100 equally sized columns stored in Amazon S3 as an uncompressed text file with a total size of 4 terabytes. Running a query to get data from a single column of the table requires Redshift Spectrum to scan the entire file, because text formats cannot be split. This query would scan 4 terabytes and cost CNY 142.96948. (CNY 35.74237/TB * 4TB = CNY 142.96948)

If you compress your file using GZIP, you may see 4:1 compression gains. In this case, you would have a compressed file size of 1 terabyte. Redshift Spectrum has to scan the entire file, but since it is one-fourth the size, you pay one-fourth the cost, or CNY 35.74237. (CNY 35.74237/TB * 1TB = CNY 35.74237)

If you compress your file and convert it to a columnar format like Apache Parquet, you may see 4:1 compression gains and have a compressed file size of 1 terabyte. Using the same query as above, Redshift Spectrum needs to scan only one column in the Parquet file. The cost of this query would be CNY 0.35742. (CNY 35.74237/TB * 1TB file size * 1/100 columns, or a total of 10 gigabytes scanned = CNY 0.35742).

Backup storage

Backup storage is the storage associated with the snapshots taken for your data warehouse. Increasing your backup retention period or taking additional snapshots increases the backup storage consumed by your data warehouse. Redshift charges for manual snapshots you take using the console, API or CLI. Redshift Automated snapshots, which get created using Redshift's snapshot scheduling feature, are not charged for. Data stored on RA3 clusters is part of Redshift Managed Storage (RMS) and is billed at RMS rates, but manual snapshots taken for RA3 clusters are billed as backup storage at standard Amazon S3 rates. For example, if your RA3 cluster has 10 TB of data and 30 TB of manual snapshots, you would be billed for 10 TB of RMS and 30 TB of backup storage. With dense compute (DC) and dense storage (DS) clusters, storage is included on the cluster and is not billed for separately, but backups are stored externally in S3. Backup storage beyond the provisioned storage size on DC and DS clusters is billed as backup storage at standard Amazon S3 rates. Snapshots are billed until they expire or are deleted, including when the cluster is paused or deleted.